Artisanal gold mining sector Mauritania: Environmental challenges and sustainable development

December 5, 2025

The West African nation of Mauritania is currently undergoing an unprecedented gold rush, driven largely by artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Armed with rudimentary tools and minimal technological support, thousands of independent miners scour vast areas—particularly in the northern regions and the southern border zones—in search of gold deposits. Once veins are discovered, entire communities often converge in a matter of days, rapidly establishing makeshift camps and extraction points. This unregulated activity leaves behind widespread environmental damage: scarred landscapes, and the accumulation of unmanaged human waste. A particularly alarming aspect of this gold rush is the manual processing phase, where mercury-based amalgamation techniques are commonly used to extract gold from ore. These methods not only threaten the health of miners but also result in mercury pollution that leaches into waterways and coastal zones. The long-term ecological and health risks are considerable, particularly in fragile ecosystems already vulnerable to desertification and climate change.

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